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Because many people have lost a loved one to cancer or heard of the horrors of cancer, they assume it is a strong and powerful invader capable of ravaging the body. Actually, cellular biology tells us the opposite is true. A cancerous cell is, in fact, a weak and confused cell.
A cancer begins with a cell that contains incorrect genetic information so that it is unable to perform its intended function. This cell may receive the incorrect information because it has been exposed to harmful substances or chemicals or damaged by other external causes, or simply because in the process of constantly reproducing billions of cells the body will occasionally make an imperfect one. If this cell reproduces other cells with the same incorrect genetic makeup, then a tumor begins to form composed of a mass of these imperfect cells. Normally, the body's defenses, the immune system, would recognize these cells and destroy them. At a minimum, they would be walled off so they could not spread.
In the case of malignant cells, sufficient cellular changes take place so that they reproduce rapidly and begin to intrude on adjoining tissue. Whereas there is a form of "communication" between normal cells that prevents them from overreproducing, the malignant cells are sufficiently disorganized so that they do not respond to the communication of the cells around them, and they begin to reproduce recklessly. The faulty cells, the tumor, may begin to block proper functioning of body organs, either by expanding to the point that it puts physical pressure on other organs or by replacing enough healthy cells in an organ with malignant cells so that the organ is no longer able to function. In severe forms of cancer, malignant cells break loose from the original mass and are transported to other parts of the body, where they begin to reproduce and form new tumors. This breaking off and spreading is called "metastasis."
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Cancer